Spine and pelvis, X-ray

Credit: AJ PHOTO/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

Caption: Spine and pelvis. Frontal X-ray of the vertebral column (down centre) and pelvis (bottom) of a 25-year-old woman. There is minor discopathy of the lower back (lower centre), between the L4-L5 (lumbar) and L5-S1 (lumbar-sacral) vertebrae. Discopathy refers to disorders of the intervertebral discs that separate and cushion the spinal bones (vertebrae). Also seen are the kidneys (upper left and right) and the ureters, leading from the kidneys down to the bladder (white, bottom centre).

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