Caption

Genome research. Multi-channel pipette is used to transfer bacteria and cDNA solution (white) to DNA filter plates, to purify & clone large quantities of human cDNA (complementary DNA). This research is conducted at The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. Here the structure and function of human genes is analysed. First, a gene is inserted into a bacterium to be cloned. Then its structure is sequenced. At TIGR, cDNA ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) are produced; these "tags" enable the reading of cDNA, lengths of copied genetic material identical to genes. Mapping human genes will enable the development of genetic therapies for inherited human diseases.